{
  "checked": "2026-10-29",
  "source_csv": "approved-bispecific-antibodies.csv",
  "molecules_any_agency": 25,
  "by_agency": {
    "FDA": 15,
    "EU": 16,
    "NMPA": 17,
    "PMDA": 12
  },
  "approved_by_all_four": [
    "amivantamab",
    "blinatumomab",
    "elranatamab",
    "emicizumab",
    "faricimab",
    "mosunetuzumab",
    "talquetamab",
    "tarlatamab",
    "teclistamab"
  ],
  "approved_by_one_agency_only": {
    "FDA": [
      "zenocutuzumab"
    ],
    "EU": [
      "catumaxomab",
      "odronextamab"
    ],
    "NMPA": [
      "anbenitamab",
      "cadonilimab",
      "ivonescimab",
      "izalontamab brengitecan",
      "silevimig",
      "velinotamig"
    ],
    "PMDA": [
      "gefurulimab",
      "ozoralizumab"
    ]
  },
  "first_approval_by_agency": {
    "EU": 5,
    "FDA": 12,
    "NMPA": 6,
    "PMDA": 2
  },
  "first_approval_by_year": {
    "2009": 1,
    "2014": 1,
    "2017": 1,
    "2021": 1,
    "2022": 6,
    "2023": 4,
    "2024": 5,
    "2025": 1,
    "2026": 5
  },
  "through_2025": {
    "molecules": 20,
    "first_approval_by_agency": {
      "EU": 5,
      "FDA": 12,
      "NMPA": 2,
      "PMDA": 1
    }
  },
  "by_format": {
    "BiTE": 2,
    "IgG-like": 17,
    "Other": 4,
    "Undisclosed": 2
  },
  "by_indication_area": {
    "Non-oncology": 5,
    "Oncology, T-cell engager": 13,
    "Oncology, other": 7
  },
  "fda_by_indication_area": {
    "Non-oncology": 2,
    "Oncology, T-cell engager": 10,
    "Oncology, other": 3
  },
  "cumulative_by_end_of_year": {
    "FDA": {
      "2009": 0,
      "2010": 0,
      "2011": 0,
      "2012": 0,
      "2013": 0,
      "2014": 1,
      "2015": 1,
      "2016": 1,
      "2017": 2,
      "2018": 2,
      "2019": 2,
      "2020": 2,
      "2021": 3,
      "2022": 7,
      "2023": 11,
      "2024": 14,
      "2025": 15,
      "2026": 15
    },
    "EU": {
      "2009": 1,
      "2010": 1,
      "2011": 1,
      "2012": 1,
      "2013": 1,
      "2014": 1,
      "2015": 2,
      "2016": 2,
      "2017": 2,
      "2018": 3,
      "2019": 3,
      "2020": 3,
      "2021": 4,
      "2022": 8,
      "2023": 12,
      "2024": 13,
      "2025": 15,
      "2026": 16
    },
    "NMPA": {
      "2009": 0,
      "2010": 0,
      "2011": 0,
      "2012": 0,
      "2013": 0,
      "2014": 0,
      "2015": 0,
      "2016": 0,
      "2017": 0,
      "2018": 1,
      "2019": 1,
      "2020": 2,
      "2021": 2,
      "2022": 3,
      "2023": 5,
      "2024": 8,
      "2025": 12,
      "2026": 17
    },
    "PMDA": {
      "2009": 0,
      "2010": 0,
      "2011": 0,
      "2012": 0,
      "2013": 0,
      "2014": 0,
      "2015": 0,
      "2016": 0,
      "2017": 0,
      "2018": 2,
      "2019": 2,
      "2020": 2,
      "2021": 2,
      "2022": 4,
      "2023": 5,
      "2024": 10,
      "2025": 11,
      "2026": 12
    },
    "Any of the four": {
      "2009": 1,
      "2010": 1,
      "2011": 1,
      "2012": 1,
      "2013": 1,
      "2014": 2,
      "2015": 2,
      "2016": 2,
      "2017": 3,
      "2018": 3,
      "2019": 3,
      "2020": 3,
      "2021": 4,
      "2022": 10,
      "2023": 14,
      "2024": 19,
      "2025": 20,
      "2026": 25
    }
  },
  "not_counted": [
    "retlirafusp alfa",
    "iparomlimab and tuvonralimab"
  ]
}