List of polar and nonpolar molecules

A source-backed list of polar molecules, nonpolar molecules, and common polar bond examples with transparent classification notes.

CSV JSON

Name	Formula	Classification	Basis	SMILES	PubChem CID
Water	H2O	Polar molecule	Bent geometry and polar O-H bonds	`O`	962
Ammonia	NH3	Polar molecule	Trigonal pyramidal geometry	`N`	222
Hydrogen fluoride	HF	Polar molecule	Strongly polar H-F bond	`F`	14917
Ethanol	C2H6O	Polar molecule	Hydroxyl group and hydrogen bonding	`CCO`	702
Acetone	C3H6O	Polar molecule	Carbonyl group	`CC(=O)C`	180
Carbon dioxide	CO2	Nonpolar molecule	Linear symmetric molecule	`O=C=O`	280
Methane	CH4	Nonpolar molecule	Tetrahedral symmetric hydrocarbon	`C`	297
Oxygen	O2	Nonpolar molecule	Homonuclear diatomic molecule	`O=O`	977
n-Hexane	C6H14	Nonpolar molecule	Hydrocarbon	`CCCCCC`	8058
Benzene	C6H6	Nonpolar molecule	Symmetric aromatic hydrocarbon	`c1ccccc1`	241
Methanol	CH4O	Polar molecule	Hydroxyl group and hydrogen bonding	`CO`	887
Hydrogen chloride	HCl	Polar molecule	Polar H-Cl bond	`Cl`	313
Sulfur dioxide	SO2	Polar molecule	Bent geometry	`O=S=O`	1119
Dimethyl sulfoxide	C2H6OS	Polar molecule	Sulfoxide group	`CS(=O)C`	679
Acetonitrile	C2H3N	Polar molecule	Nitrile group	`CC#N`	6342
Nitrogen	N2	Nonpolar molecule	Homonuclear diatomic molecule	`N#N`	947
Chlorine	Cl2	Nonpolar molecule	Homonuclear diatomic molecule	`ClCl`	24526
Carbon tetrachloride	CCl4	Nonpolar molecule	Symmetric tetrahedral molecule	`C(Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl`	5943
Cyclohexane	C6H12	Nonpolar molecule	Hydrocarbon	`C1CCCCC1`	8078
Formamide	CH3NO	Polar molecule	Amide group	`C(=O)N`	713
Dimethylformamide	C3H7NO	Polar molecule	Amide solvent	`CN(C)C=O`	6228
Formic acid	CH2O2	Polar molecule	Carboxylic acid	`C(=O)O`	284
Acetic acid	C2H4O2	Polar molecule	Carboxylic acid	`CC(=O)O`	176
Formaldehyde	CH2O	Polar molecule	Carbonyl group	`C=O`	712
Acetaldehyde	C2H4O	Polar molecule	Aldehyde group	`CC=O`	177
Hydrogen cyanide	HCN	Polar molecule	Polar C-N triple bond	`C#N`	768
Nitric oxide	NO	Polar molecule	Heteronuclear diatomic molecule	`[N]=O`	145068
Nitromethane	CH3NO2	Polar molecule	Nitro group	`C[N+](=O)[O-]`	6375
Methylamine	CH5N	Polar molecule	Amine group	`CN`	6329
Ethylamine	C2H7N	Polar molecule	Amine group	`CCN`	6341
Diethyl ether	C4H10O	Polar molecule	Ether oxygen	`CCOCC`	3283
Sulfur hexafluoride	SF6	Nonpolar molecule	Octahedral symmetric molecule	`FS(F)(F)(F)(F)F`	17358
Boron trifluoride	BF3	Nonpolar molecule	Trigonal planar symmetric molecule	`B(F)(F)F`	6356
Tetrachloroethylene	C2Cl4	Nonpolar molecule	Symmetric chlorinated alkene	`C(=C(Cl)Cl)(Cl)Cl`	31373
Ethane	C2H6	Nonpolar molecule	Hydrocarbon	`CC`	6324
Propane	C3H8	Nonpolar molecule	Hydrocarbon	`CCC`	6334
Ethene	C2H4	Nonpolar molecule	Hydrocarbon	`C=C`	6325
Acetylene	C2H2	Nonpolar molecule	Linear hydrocarbon	`C#C`	6326
Fluorine	F2	Nonpolar molecule	Homonuclear diatomic molecule	`FF`	24524
Bromine	Br2	Nonpolar molecule	Homonuclear diatomic molecule	`BrBr`	24408
Iodine	I2	Nonpolar molecule	Homonuclear diatomic molecule	`II`	807
Hydrogen Bromide	BrH	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`Br`	260
Hydrogen Iodide	HI	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`I`	24841
Hydrogen Sulfide	H2S	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`S`	402
1-Propanol	C3H8O	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`CCCO`	1031
Isopropanol	C3H8O	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`CC(C)O`	3776
1-Butanol	C4H10O	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`CCCCO`	263
Ethylene Glycol	C2H6O2	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`C(CO)O`	174
Glycerol	C3H8O3	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`C(C(CO)O)O`	753
Butanone	C4H8O	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`CCC(=O)C`	6569
Propionic Acid	C3H6O2	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`CCC(=O)O`	1032
Lactic Acid	C3H6O3	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`CC(C(=O)O)O`	612
Citric Acid	C6H8O7	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`C(C(=O)O)C(CC(=O)O)(C(=O)O)O`	311
Urea	CH4N2O	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`C(=O)(N)N`	1176
Aniline	C6H7N	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`C1=CC=C(C=C1)N`	6115
Pyridine	C5H5N	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`C1=CC=NC=C1`	1049
Phenol	C6H6O	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`C1=CC=C(C=C1)O`	996
Glucose	C6H12O6	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(O1)O)O)O)O)O`	5793
Fructose	C6H12O6	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`C1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](C(O1)(CO)O)O)O)O`	2723872
Sucrose	C12H22O11	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)O[C@]2([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O)CO)O)O)O)O`	5988
Glycine	C2H5NO2	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`C(C(=O)O)N`	750
Alanine	C3H7NO2	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N`	5950
Serine	C3H7NO3	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`C([C@@H](C(=O)O)N)O`	5951
Lysine	C6H14N2O2	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`C(CCN)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N`	5962
Aspartic Acid	C4H7NO4	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`C([C@@H](C(=O)O)N)C(=O)O`	5960
Glutamic Acid	C5H9NO4	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`C(CC(=O)O)[C@@H](C(=O)O)N`	33032
Dopamine	C8H11NO2	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`C1=CC(=C(C=C1CCN)O)O`	681
Serotonin	C10H12N2O	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`C1=CC2=C(C=C1O)C(=CN2)CCN`	5202
Caffeine	C8H10N4O2	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`CN1C=NC2=C1C(=O)N(C(=O)N2C)C`	2519
Tetrahydrofuran	C4H8O	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`C1CCOC1`	8028
Dioxane	C4H8O2	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`C1COCCO1`	31275
Morpholine	C4H9NO	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`C1COCCN1`	8083
Piperidine	C5H11N	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`C1CCNCC1`	8082
Piperazine	C4H10N2	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`C1CNCCN1`	4837
Sulfolane	C4H8O2S	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`C1CCS(=O)(=O)C1`	31347
Hydrogen Peroxide	H2O2	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`OO`	784
Sulfuric Acid	H2O4S	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`OS(=O)(=O)O`	1118
Nitric Acid	HNO3	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`[N+](=O)(O)[O-]`	944
Phosphoric Acid	H3O4P	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`OP(=O)(O)O`	1004
Sodium Hydroxide	HNaO	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`[OH-].[Na+]`	14798
Potassium Hydroxide	HKO	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`[OH-].[K+]`	14797
Sodium Bicarbonate	CHNaO3	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`C(=O)(O)[O-].[Na+]`	516892
Salicylic Acid	C7H6O3	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C(=O)O)O`	338
Benzoic Acid	C7H6O2	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)O`	243
Vanillin	C8H8O3	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C=O)O`	1183
Menthol	C10H20O	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`CC1CCC(C(C1)O)C(C)C`	1254
Nicotine	C10H14N2	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`CN1CCC[C@H]1C2=CN=CC=C2`	89594
Acetaminophen	C8H9NO2	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(C=C1)O`	1983
Aspirin	C9H8O4	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)O`	2244
Morphine	C17H19NO3	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`CN1CC[C@]23[C@@H]4[C@H]1CC5=C2C(=C(C=C5)O)O[C@H]3[C@H](C=C4)O`	5288826
Lidocaine	C14H22N2O	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`CCN(CC)CC(=O)NC1=C(C=CC=C1C)C`	3676
Epinephrine	C9H13NO3	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`CNC[C@@H](C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)O)O`	5816
Norepinephrine	C8H11NO3	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`C1=CC(=C(C=C1[C@H](CN)O)O)O`	439260
Histamine	C5H9N3	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`C1=C(NC=N1)CCN`	774
Acetylcholine	C7H16NO2+	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`CC(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C`	187
Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	C4H9NO2	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`C(CC(=O)O)CN`	119
Taurine	C2H7NO3S	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`C(CS(=O)(=O)O)N`	1123
Creatine	C4H9N3O2	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`CN(CC(=O)O)C(=N)N`	586
Creatinine	C4H7N3O	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`CN1CC(=O)N=C1N`	588
Uric Acid	C5H4N4O3	Polar molecule	Functional groups or geometry create a net dipole	`C12=C(NC(=O)N1)NC(=O)NC2=O`	1175

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Methodology

Small inorganic examples are manually classified from molecular geometry and bond polarity. Organic examples use functional groups, hydrogen bonding, TPSA, and LogP as supporting evidence; borderline cases keep explicit notes.

Expansion plan

Add descriptor-driven filters for larger organic subsets, including TPSA, LogP, HBA/HBD, formal charge, and a confidence field for computed polarity labels.

Sources

PubChem

Canonical compound identifiers, names, formulas, structures, SMILES, and downloadable compound records.

ChEBI

Chemical ontology classes, biological roles, synonyms, formulas, SMILES, InChI, and ChEBI identifiers.

RDKit

Derived descriptors such as molecular weight, LogP, TPSA, hydrogen-bond counts, and canonicalized structures.

OpenStax Chemistry

Chemistry definitions used for educational polarity, bonding, organic chemistry, and molecule-class explanations.

Related datasets

Diatomic and monatomic elements Organic compounds Alkane isomers Small-molecule drugs